Thunderbird Bay, TX Planting Calendar & SMS Garden Reminders

2026 Thunderbird Bay, TX Planting Calendar

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Local Climate Snapshot: The last frost date in Thunderbird Bay is around February 13th. The first frost date in Thunderbird Bay is around November 11th. Gardeners in Thunderbird Bay have a growing window of approximately 271 days. Our Thunderbird Bay Planting Schedule is calibrated using historical frost patterns and each crop’s tolerance for cold or need for warm soil. Cool-season crops can be planted before the last frost, while warm-season crops are timed for safer, warmer conditions — always adjust for your local weather.

Spring / Last Frost-based Planting

Acorn Squash

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-06

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost in warm soil; give vines room to sprawl.

Arugula

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow 02-06

Transplant —

Notes

Start indoors early with bright light; transplant to cool-season beds. Arugula is a cool-season green; direct sow about 1 week before last frost in workable soil.

Asparagus

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant —

Notes

Plant asparagus crowns in a permanent trench as soon as soil can be worked.

Banana Peppers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Start banana peppers 8–10 weeks before last frost for best yields. Transplant after frost when soil and nights are warm. Peppers stall in cool soil.

Basil

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Start Basil Seeds indoors Transplant after frost risk has passed. Basil blackens in cold conditions.

Bay Laurel

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-13

Notes

Set out later once nights are reliably warm; bay laurel is cold-sensitive.

Bell Peppers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Peppers take a long time to germinate; start early in a warm spot. Transplant once nights are consistently above 55°F. Peppers stall in cool soil and recover slowly.

Blackberries

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Plant dormant blackberry canes in early spring; provide trellis/support as needed.

Blueberries

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Plant dormant blueberry bushes in early spring while soil is workable; mulch and water in.

Bok Choy

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 6

Start Inside 01-02

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Start bok choy indoors 4–6 weeks before last frost for spring planting. Direct sow bok choy at the beginning of spring once soil can be worked.

Borage

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Borage tolerates cool weather; sow before last frost for early flowers and pollinator support.

Broccoli

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-13

Notes

Start indoors to ensure plants are established before the heat hits. Broccoli can handle a light frost after being hardened off.

Bush Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost when nights are mild. Cold soil can rot seed.

Butterhead Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant 01-23

Notes

Start butterhead indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for early heads. Direct sow butterhead in cool soil; thin for airflow. Transplant butterhead ~3 weeks before last frost; keep growth steady to reduce bolting.

Butternut Squash

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-06

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost in warm soil; butternut needs a long season.

Cabbage

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-23

Notes

Start cabbage seeds indoors early to ensure they mature before summer heat. Cabbage is frost-hardy; move starts outside a few weeks before the final frost.

Calendula

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Calendula tolerates cool weather; sow a couple weeks before last frost.

Cantaloupe

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 4

Start Inside 01-16

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Start in peat pots to avoid root disturbance during transplant. Direct sow after last frost once soil is warm. Thin to the strongest plants and keep moisture steady early on. Transplant only after frost risk is completely gone. Melons stall in cool soil.

Carrots

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Carrots can handle a light frost. Sow directly in the soil.

Cauliflower

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 6

Start Inside 01-02

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Start cauliflower 4–6 weeks before transplanting (indoor start). Transplant cauliflower about 2 weeks before last frost; protect from cold snaps.

Chives

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Plant chives in early spring; cold-hardy perennial (or sow as soon as workable).

Cilantro

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Cilantro loves cool weather; sow before the heat hits.

Collard Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Hardy greens that can handle a bit of frost.

Cosmos

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Direct sow cosmos after last frost; thrives in heat and poorer soils.

Cowpeas (Southern Peas)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-13

Transplant —

Notes

Sow in late spring/early summer once soil is hot; cowpeas are heat-loving.

Cucumbers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow in warm soil. Trellis to save space and improve airflow.

Daikon Radish

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Daikon can be spring-sown early, but performs best as a fall crop.

Dill

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Sow early; dill thrives in cool spring weather.

Eggplant

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Sow once soil has warmed; cold soil causes poor germination and uneven stands. Transplant after frost risk has passed. Confirm soil warmth with a 2–4 inch morning soil thermometer reading for best establishment.

Endive

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Start endive indoors for reliable spring stands; keep seedlings cool and steady. Direct sow endive in cool soil; thin to reduce bitterness from stress. Transplant endive into cool beds; steady watering helps quality.

Escarole

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Start escarole indoors; steady growth improves quality. Direct sow escarole in cool weather; thin for airflow. Transplant escarole into cool beds; keep evenly watered.

Fava Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-02

Transplant —

Notes

Fava beans tolerate cold; sow very early spring for pods before heat.

Fennel

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Direct sow fennel after frost risk; steady growth prevents bolting.

Grapes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Plant grapes early spring while dormant; choose a sunny, well-drained site.

Green Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Sow once soil is warm. Beans rot in cold, wet soil.

Ground Cherries

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Start ground cherries 6–8 weeks before last frost; they behave like tomatoes. Transplant ground cherries after last frost; cage or mulch for cleaner fruit.

Honeydew

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 4

Start Inside 01-16

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Start honeydew in pots 3–4 weeks before transplanting to avoid root disturbance. Direct sow after last frost once soil is warm. Transplant about 2 weeks after last frost into warm soil.

Hot Peppers (General)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Hot peppers are slow; start 8–10 weeks before last frost with steady warmth. Transplant after frost once nights stay warm (55°F+). Peppers stall in cool soil.

Iceberg Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant 01-23

Notes

Start iceberg indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for head lettuce. Direct sow iceberg early; consistent moisture improves head formation. Transplant iceberg ~3 weeks before last frost; row cover helps in cold snaps.

Jalapeño Peppers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Start Jalapeños early; they need consistent warmth to germinate. Transplant after frost once nights stay above 55°F. Peppers stall in cool soil.

Jerusalem Artichoke (Sunchoke)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Plant sunchoke tubers in early spring while soil is workable; choose a permanent spot.

Kale

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Kale is incredibly frost-tolerant; sow early.

Kohlrabi

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Start kohlrabi indoors 4–6 weeks before transplanting. Transplant kohlrabi ~4 weeks before last frost; cold-hardy when hardened off.

Lavender

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 10

Start Inside 12-05

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Lavender from seed is slow; start early with bright light and well-drained medium. Transplant lavender after frost risk; avoid soggy soils.

Leeks

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 10

Start Inside 12-05

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Start leeks indoors ~8–10 weeks before last frost for strong transplants. Transplant leeks ~4 weeks before last frost; cold-tolerant once hardened.

Lemongrass

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-13

Notes

Start lemongrass indoors; it needs a long warm season and strong light. Transplant after frost once soil is very warm; lemongrass is cold-sensitive.

Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Start indoors for reliable early plants; keep seedlings cool and evenly moist. Lettuce seeds germinate best in cool soil.

Lima Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow once soil is thoroughly warm; limas need more heat than snap beans.

Marigolds

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 6

Start Inside 01-02

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant 02-13

Notes

Start marigolds indoors ~6 weeks before last frost for earlier blooms. Direct sow marigolds after last frost for easy blooms. Transplant marigolds around last frost once hardened off.

Marjoram

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Plant marjoram after frost; treat as tender perennial/annual in colder zones.

Mint

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Plant mint early spring (best in containers); very vigorous spreader.

Mustard Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Mustard greens are cold-tolerant; sow early for spring greens.

Nasturtiums

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-13

Transplant —

Notes

Direct sow nasturtiums around last frost; avoid rich soil for best flowering.

Okra

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-13

Transplant —

Notes

Wait for hot weather; okra thrives in heat and struggles in cool spring soil.

Onions

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow —

Transplant —

Notes

Start indoors early; provide bright light to prevent leggy seedlings.

Oregano

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Plant oregano transplants after frost; pinch tips for bushier growth.

Parsley

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 10

Start Inside 12-05

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Parsley germinates slowly; start 9–10 weeks before last frost for transplants. Direct sow parsley in cool spring soil; keep seedbed consistently moist. Transplant parsley 2–3 weeks before last frost; tolerates cool weather.

Parsnips

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-13

Transplant —

Notes

Parsnips are slow; sow after last frost as soil becomes workable and warms.

Peas

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Peas should go in the ground very early; they don't mind light frost.

Pickling Cucumbers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost in warm soil. Trellis if possible for cleaner fruit.

Poblano Peppers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 9

Start Inside 12-12

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-06

Notes

Start poblano peppers 8–10 weeks before last frost; provide strong light. Transplant after last frost in consistently warm conditions.

Pole Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost in warm soil and provide a trellis.

Potatoes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Plant seed potato chunks with at least two "eyes" facing up.

Pumpkins

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-13

Transplant —

Notes

Sow once soil is warm; pumpkins need a long season and steady heat to mature.

Raspberries

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-16

Notes

Plant dormant raspberry canes in early spring while soil is workable; mulch and water in.

Romaine Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant 01-23

Notes

Start romaine indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for strong transplants. Direct sow romaine in cool soil; keep seedbed evenly moist. Transplant romaine ~3 weeks before last frost; protect with row cover if needed.

Romanesco

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 6

Start Inside 01-02

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Start romanesco indoors like cauliflower for reliable spring stands. Transplant romanesco into cool beds; steady growth improves head formation.

Rosemary

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Set out rosemary transplants after frost risk; prefers warm soil and full sun.

Rutabaga

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Rutabaga prefers cool conditions; sow early spring (often mid-summer for fall roots).

Sage

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Plant sage after frost; prefers well-drained soil and sun.

Scallions

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-16

Transplant —

Notes

Sow scallions early; they tolerate cool weather and mature quickly.

Shallots

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Plant shallot sets in early spring while soil is workable; keep weed-free.

Soybeans (Edamame)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost in warm soil and full sun for strong early growth.

Spinach

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Start indoors for early plants; keep seedlings cool to prevent stress. Spinach loves the cold. Plant as soon as the soil can be worked.

Strawberries

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 01-30

Notes

Plant strawberry starts now; protect blossoms if a late frost is predicted.

Sunflowers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow once soil has warmed for fast emergence and strong early growth.

Sweet Corn

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-06

Transplant —

Notes

Sweet corn requires soil temps above 60°F. Soil gate: sow only after soil reaches 60°F+ to prevent seed rot and uneven stands.

Sweet Potatoes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 03-13

Notes

Plant slips once soil is very warm. Cold soil causes rot and poor rooting.

Swiss Chard

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

More heat-tolerant than spinach; can be sown nearly anytime.

Tarragon

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Plant tarragon after frost; avoid wet soils to prevent root issues.

Tatsoi

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 6

Start Inside 01-02

Direct Sow 01-30

Transplant —

Notes

Start tatsoi indoors ~4–6 weeks before last frost; grows best in cool conditions. Direct sow tatsoi early spring once soil can be worked.

Thyme

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Set out thyme transplants after frost risk; drought-tolerant once established.

Tomatillos

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 7

Start Inside 12-26

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-27

Notes

Start tomatillos 6–8 weeks before last frost; pot up to avoid stunting. Transplant tomatillos after last frost; plant at least two for pollination.

Tomatoes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 8

Start Inside 12-19

Direct Sow —

Transplant 02-20

Notes

Start seeds in trays with heat mats for the best head start. Transplant once frost risk is low. Earlier planting can boost yields before peak summer heat; cold soil slows rooting even after frost danger.

Turnip Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Turnip greens grow best in cool weather; sow early spring.

Turnips

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 01-23

Transplant —

Notes

Sow turnips 2–4 weeks before last frost for spring roots.

Watermelon

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-13

Transplant —

Notes

Wait for real heat; watermelons are very cold-sensitive and stall in cool soil.

Wax Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Grow like snap beans: sow after last frost in warm soil.

Winter Squash (General)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 03-06

Transplant —

Notes

Sow after last frost once soil warms; winter squash needs heat and time.

Yellow Squash

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow once soil is warm and nights are mild.

Zinnias

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-20

Transplant —

Notes

Direct sow zinnias after last frost; they prefer warm soil and sun.

Zucchini

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 02-27

Transplant —

Notes

Sow in warm soil; zucchini grows fast and takes off quickly once established.

Crop	# Weeks to Start Before Last Frost	Start Inside (mm-dd)	Direct Sow (mm-dd)	Transplant (mm-dd)	Notes
Acorn Squash			03-06		Sow after last frost in warm soil; give vines room to sprawl.
Arugula	9	12-12	02-06		Start indoors early with bright light; transplant to cool-season beds. Arugula is a cool-season green; direct sow about 1 week before last frost in workable soil.
Asparagus					Plant asparagus crowns in a permanent trench as soon as soil can be worked.
Banana Peppers	9	12-12		03-06	Start banana peppers 8–10 weeks before last frost for best yields. Transplant after frost when soil and nights are warm. Peppers stall in cool soil.
Basil	7	12-26		02-27	Start Basil Seeds indoors Transplant after frost risk has passed. Basil blackens in cold conditions.
Bay Laurel				03-13	Set out later once nights are reliably warm; bay laurel is cold-sensitive.
Bell Peppers	9	12-12		03-06	Peppers take a long time to germinate; start early in a warm spot. Transplant once nights are consistently above 55°F. Peppers stall in cool soil and recover slowly.
Blackberries				01-16	Plant dormant blackberry canes in early spring; provide trellis/support as needed.
Blueberries				01-16	Plant dormant blueberry bushes in early spring while soil is workable; mulch and water in.
Bok Choy	6	01-02	01-30		Start bok choy indoors 4–6 weeks before last frost for spring planting. Direct sow bok choy at the beginning of spring once soil can be worked.
Borage			01-30		Borage tolerates cool weather; sow before last frost for early flowers and pollinator support.
Broccoli	7	12-26		02-13	Start indoors to ensure plants are established before the heat hits. Broccoli can handle a light frost after being hardened off.
Bush Beans			02-20		Sow after last frost when nights are mild. Cold soil can rot seed.
Butterhead Lettuce	8	12-19	01-16	01-23	Start butterhead indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for early heads. Direct sow butterhead in cool soil; thin for airflow. Transplant butterhead ~3 weeks before last frost; keep growth steady to reduce bolting.
Butternut Squash			03-06		Sow after last frost in warm soil; butternut needs a long season.
Cabbage	7	12-26		01-23	Start cabbage seeds indoors early to ensure they mature before summer heat. Cabbage is frost-hardy; move starts outside a few weeks before the final frost.
Calendula			01-30		Calendula tolerates cool weather; sow a couple weeks before last frost.
Cantaloupe	4	01-16	02-27	02-27	Start in peat pots to avoid root disturbance during transplant. Direct sow after last frost once soil is warm. Thin to the strongest plants and keep moisture steady early on. Transplant only after frost risk is completely gone. Melons stall in cool soil.
Carrots			01-23		Carrots can handle a light frost. Sow directly in the soil.
Cauliflower	6	01-02		01-30	Start cauliflower 4–6 weeks before transplanting (indoor start). Transplant cauliflower about 2 weeks before last frost; protect from cold snaps.
Chives				01-30	Plant chives in early spring; cold-hardy perennial (or sow as soon as workable).
Cilantro			01-30		Cilantro loves cool weather; sow before the heat hits.
Collard Greens			01-16		Hardy greens that can handle a bit of frost.
Cosmos			02-20		Direct sow cosmos after last frost; thrives in heat and poorer soils.
Cowpeas (Southern Peas)			03-13		Sow in late spring/early summer once soil is hot; cowpeas are heat-loving.
Cucumbers			02-27		Sow in warm soil. Trellis to save space and improve airflow.
Daikon Radish			01-30		Daikon can be spring-sown early, but performs best as a fall crop.
Dill			01-30		Sow early; dill thrives in cool spring weather.
Eggplant	8	12-19		03-06	Sow once soil has warmed; cold soil causes poor germination and uneven stands. Transplant after frost risk has passed. Confirm soil warmth with a 2–4 inch morning soil thermometer reading for best establishment.
Endive	7	12-26	01-23	01-30	Start endive indoors for reliable spring stands; keep seedlings cool and steady. Direct sow endive in cool soil; thin to reduce bitterness from stress. Transplant endive into cool beds; steady watering helps quality.
Escarole	7	12-26	01-23	01-30	Start escarole indoors; steady growth improves quality. Direct sow escarole in cool weather; thin for airflow. Transplant escarole into cool beds; keep evenly watered.
Fava Beans			01-02		Fava beans tolerate cold; sow very early spring for pods before heat.
Fennel			02-20		Direct sow fennel after frost risk; steady growth prevents bolting.
Grapes				01-16	Plant grapes early spring while dormant; choose a sunny, well-drained site.
Green Beans			02-20		Sow once soil is warm. Beans rot in cold, wet soil.
Ground Cherries	7	12-26		02-27	Start ground cherries 6–8 weeks before last frost; they behave like tomatoes. Transplant ground cherries after last frost; cage or mulch for cleaner fruit.
Honeydew	4	01-16	02-27	02-27	Start honeydew in pots 3–4 weeks before transplanting to avoid root disturbance. Direct sow after last frost once soil is warm. Transplant about 2 weeks after last frost into warm soil.
Hot Peppers (General)	9	12-12		03-06	Hot peppers are slow; start 8–10 weeks before last frost with steady warmth. Transplant after frost once nights stay warm (55°F+). Peppers stall in cool soil.
Iceberg Lettuce	8	12-19	01-16	01-23	Start iceberg indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for head lettuce. Direct sow iceberg early; consistent moisture improves head formation. Transplant iceberg ~3 weeks before last frost; row cover helps in cold snaps.
Jalapeño Peppers	9	12-12		03-06	Start Jalapeños early; they need consistent warmth to germinate. Transplant after frost once nights stay above 55°F. Peppers stall in cool soil.
Jerusalem Artichoke (Sunchoke)			01-16		Plant sunchoke tubers in early spring while soil is workable; choose a permanent spot.
Kale			01-16		Kale is incredibly frost-tolerant; sow early.
Kohlrabi	8	12-19		01-16	Start kohlrabi indoors 4–6 weeks before transplanting. Transplant kohlrabi ~4 weeks before last frost; cold-hardy when hardened off.
Lavender	10	12-05		02-27	Lavender from seed is slow; start early with bright light and well-drained medium. Transplant lavender after frost risk; avoid soggy soils.
Leeks	10	12-05		01-16	Start leeks indoors ~8–10 weeks before last frost for strong transplants. Transplant leeks ~4 weeks before last frost; cold-tolerant once hardened.
Lemongrass	8	12-19		03-13	Start lemongrass indoors; it needs a long warm season and strong light. Transplant after frost once soil is very warm; lemongrass is cold-sensitive.
Lettuce	8	12-19	01-16		Start indoors for reliable early plants; keep seedlings cool and evenly moist. Lettuce seeds germinate best in cool soil.
Lima Beans			02-27		Sow once soil is thoroughly warm; limas need more heat than snap beans.
Marigolds	6	01-02	02-20	02-13	Start marigolds indoors ~6 weeks before last frost for earlier blooms. Direct sow marigolds after last frost for easy blooms. Transplant marigolds around last frost once hardened off.
Marjoram				02-27	Plant marjoram after frost; treat as tender perennial/annual in colder zones.
Mint				01-30	Plant mint early spring (best in containers); very vigorous spreader.
Mustard Greens			01-23		Mustard greens are cold-tolerant; sow early for spring greens.
Nasturtiums			02-13		Direct sow nasturtiums around last frost; avoid rich soil for best flowering.
Okra			03-13		Wait for hot weather; okra thrives in heat and struggles in cool spring soil.
Onions	8	12-19			Start indoors early; provide bright light to prevent leggy seedlings.
Oregano				02-27	Plant oregano transplants after frost; pinch tips for bushier growth.
Parsley	10	12-05	01-30	01-30	Parsley germinates slowly; start 9–10 weeks before last frost for transplants. Direct sow parsley in cool spring soil; keep seedbed consistently moist. Transplant parsley 2–3 weeks before last frost; tolerates cool weather.
Parsnips			02-13		Parsnips are slow; sow after last frost as soil becomes workable and warms.
Peas			01-16		Peas should go in the ground very early; they don't mind light frost.
Pickling Cucumbers			02-27		Sow after last frost in warm soil. Trellis if possible for cleaner fruit.
Poblano Peppers	9	12-12		03-06	Start poblano peppers 8–10 weeks before last frost; provide strong light. Transplant after last frost in consistently warm conditions.
Pole Beans			02-20		Sow after last frost in warm soil and provide a trellis.
Potatoes			01-23		Plant seed potato chunks with at least two "eyes" facing up.
Pumpkins			03-13		Sow once soil is warm; pumpkins need a long season and steady heat to mature.
Raspberries				01-16	Plant dormant raspberry canes in early spring while soil is workable; mulch and water in.
Romaine Lettuce	8	12-19	01-16	01-23	Start romaine indoors ~8 weeks before last frost for strong transplants. Direct sow romaine in cool soil; keep seedbed evenly moist. Transplant romaine ~3 weeks before last frost; protect with row cover if needed.
Romanesco	6	01-02		01-30	Start romanesco indoors like cauliflower for reliable spring stands. Transplant romanesco into cool beds; steady growth improves head formation.
Rosemary				02-27	Set out rosemary transplants after frost risk; prefers warm soil and full sun.
Rutabaga			01-30		Rutabaga prefers cool conditions; sow early spring (often mid-summer for fall roots).
Sage				02-27	Plant sage after frost; prefers well-drained soil and sun.
Scallions			01-16		Sow scallions early; they tolerate cool weather and mature quickly.
Shallots			01-30		Plant shallot sets in early spring while soil is workable; keep weed-free.
Soybeans (Edamame)			02-27		Sow after last frost in warm soil and full sun for strong early growth.
Spinach	7	12-26	01-23		Start indoors for early plants; keep seedlings cool to prevent stress. Spinach loves the cold. Plant as soon as the soil can be worked.
Strawberries				01-30	Plant strawberry starts now; protect blossoms if a late frost is predicted.
Sunflowers			02-27		Sow once soil has warmed for fast emergence and strong early growth.
Sweet Corn			03-06		Sweet corn requires soil temps above 60°F. Soil gate: sow only after soil reaches 60°F+ to prevent seed rot and uneven stands.
Sweet Potatoes				03-13	Plant slips once soil is very warm. Cold soil causes rot and poor rooting.
Swiss Chard			01-30		More heat-tolerant than spinach; can be sown nearly anytime.
Tarragon				02-27	Plant tarragon after frost; avoid wet soils to prevent root issues.
Tatsoi	6	01-02	01-30		Start tatsoi indoors ~4–6 weeks before last frost; grows best in cool conditions. Direct sow tatsoi early spring once soil can be worked.
Thyme				02-27	Set out thyme transplants after frost risk; drought-tolerant once established.
Tomatillos	7	12-26		02-27	Start tomatillos 6–8 weeks before last frost; pot up to avoid stunting. Transplant tomatillos after last frost; plant at least two for pollination.
Tomatoes	8	12-19		02-20	Start seeds in trays with heat mats for the best head start. Transplant once frost risk is low. Earlier planting can boost yields before peak summer heat; cold soil slows rooting even after frost danger.
Turnip Greens			01-23		Turnip greens grow best in cool weather; sow early spring.
Turnips			01-23		Sow turnips 2–4 weeks before last frost for spring roots.
Watermelon			03-13		Wait for real heat; watermelons are very cold-sensitive and stall in cool soil.
Wax Beans			02-20		Grow like snap beans: sow after last frost in warm soil.
Winter Squash (General)			03-06		Sow after last frost once soil warms; winter squash needs heat and time.
Yellow Squash			02-27		Sow once soil is warm and nights are mild.
Zinnias			02-20		Direct sow zinnias after last frost; they prefer warm soil and sun.
Zucchini			02-27		Sow in warm soil; zucchini grows fast and takes off quickly once established.

Fall / First Frost-based Planting

Arugula

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-30

Transplant —

Notes

For fall arugula, sow about 4–6 weeks before first frost for a late harvest.

Beets

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Beets mature well in the cooling autumn soil.

Bok Choy

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

For fall bok choy, sow ~8 weeks before first frost to mature in cool weather.

Broccoli

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 14

Start Inside 08-05

Direct Sow 08-19

Transplant 09-02

Notes

Fall broccoli: start seeds indoors about 14–16 weeks before first frost so transplants are ready on time. Broccoli needs time to establish before the days get too short. Fall broccoli: transplant about 10–12 weeks before first frost so heads form in cool weather.

Brussels Sprouts

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 20

Start Inside 06-24

Direct Sow 07-22

Transplant 07-22

Notes

Start Brussels sprouts indoors early (about 20 weeks before first frost) to allow a long fall crop. Brussels sprouts are long-season: start early so plants size up well before cold slows growth. Transplant Brussels sprouts about 16 weeks before first frost for best fall/winter sprouts.

Bush Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Sow bush beans ~10 weeks before first frost for a fall crop (quick varieties).

Butterhead Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-30

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow butterhead ~6 weeks before first frost for sweet leaves.

Cabbage

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) 14

Start Inside 08-05

Direct Sow —

Transplant 09-02

Notes

Fall cabbage: start seeds indoors about 14–16 weeks before first frost so transplants are ready on time. Fall cabbage: transplant about 10–12 weeks before first frost for best heading in cool weather.

Carrots

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 08-19

Transplant —

Notes

Fall carrots: sow 11–13 weeks before first frost so roots size up before cold slows growth.

Cauliflower

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 09-16

Notes

Transplant fall cauliflower ~8 weeks before first frost for heading in cool temps.

Chinese Cabbage (Napa)

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Napa cabbage performs best as a fall crop; sow ~10 weeks before first frost for firm heads.

Cilantro

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Cilantro loves the cooling autumn air; sow now for a fall taco feast.

Collard Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 08-19

Transplant —

Notes

Best when matured in the cool air of autumn.

Cucumbers

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Late-season cucumbers can have fewer pests; use fast-maturing varieties and protect as nights cool.

Daikon Radish

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Sow daikon ~8 weeks before first frost for crisp fall roots.

Dill

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Fall dill is perfect for late-season pickling.

Endive

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow endive ~8 weeks before first frost; cooler nights reduce bitterness.

Escarole

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow escarole ~8 weeks before first frost; quality improves as temps cool.

Fennel

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Sow fennel ~10 weeks before first frost for fall bulbs; cool temps improve quality.

Garlic

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 10-14

Transplant —

Notes

Plant garlic in fall for harvest next summer. Planting after soil cools encourages strong roots without excessive top growth.

Green Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

A late summer planting yields a great fall crop before the freeze.

Iceberg Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-30

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow iceberg ~6 weeks before first frost; start early enough to size up.

Kale

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Kale actually tastes sweeter after a light frost.

Kohlrabi

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Direct sow kohlrabi ~10 weeks before first frost for fall bulbs.

Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Fall lettuce: sow about 9–11 weeks before first frost for best establishment in cooling weather.

Mustard Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Sow mustard ~8 weeks before first frost for fast fall greens.

Onions

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-30

Transplant —

Notes

Fall-planted onions can overwinter and bulb up in spring. Cool conditions support strong roots.

Peas

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Plant fall peas 10 weeks before frost; germinate best as temps moderate—keep soil consistently moist.

Pole Beans

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Sow pole beans ~10 weeks before first frost; protect as nights cool.

Potatoes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 08-19

Transplant —

Notes

Fall potatoes must be planted early enough to grow tubers before frost.

Radishes

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 10-14

Transplant —

Notes

Radishes are the ultimate fast crop for the end of the season.

Romaine Lettuce

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-30

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow romaine ~6 weeks before first frost for crisp cool-weather growth.

Romanesco

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow —

Transplant 09-16

Notes

Transplant fall romanesco ~8 weeks before first frost for heading in cool weather.

Rutabaga

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 08-19

Transplant —

Notes

For fall rutabaga, sow ~12 weeks before first frost for full-size roots.

Spinach

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Fall spinach: sow about 8–11 weeks before first frost so plants establish before short days slow growth.

Swiss Chard

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Sow in late summer for greens that last deep into the winter.

Tatsoi

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Fall sow tatsoi ~8 weeks before first frost; tolerates cool nights well.

Turnip Greens

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Sow turnip greens ~8 weeks before first frost for tender fall harvest.

Turnips

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-16

Transplant —

Notes

Sow turnips ~8 weeks before first frost for sweet fall roots.

Zucchini

Weeks Before Last Frost (Spring) First Frost (Fall) —

Start Inside —

Direct Sow 09-02

Transplant —

Notes

Plant a second round of Zucchini in late summer for a heavy fall harvest.

Crop	# Weeks to Start Before First Frost	Start Inside (mm-dd)	Direct Sow (mm-dd)	Transplant (mm-dd)	Notes
Arugula			09-30		For fall arugula, sow about 4–6 weeks before first frost for a late harvest.
Beets			09-16		Beets mature well in the cooling autumn soil.
Bok Choy			09-16		For fall bok choy, sow ~8 weeks before first frost to mature in cool weather.
Broccoli	14	08-05	08-19	09-02	Fall broccoli: start seeds indoors about 14–16 weeks before first frost so transplants are ready on time. Broccoli needs time to establish before the days get too short. Fall broccoli: transplant about 10–12 weeks before first frost so heads form in cool weather.
Brussels Sprouts	20	06-24	07-22	07-22	Start Brussels sprouts indoors early (about 20 weeks before first frost) to allow a long fall crop. Brussels sprouts are long-season: start early so plants size up well before cold slows growth. Transplant Brussels sprouts about 16 weeks before first frost for best fall/winter sprouts.
Bush Beans			09-02		Sow bush beans ~10 weeks before first frost for a fall crop (quick varieties).
Butterhead Lettuce			09-30		Fall sow butterhead ~6 weeks before first frost for sweet leaves.
Cabbage	14	08-05		09-02	Fall cabbage: start seeds indoors about 14–16 weeks before first frost so transplants are ready on time. Fall cabbage: transplant about 10–12 weeks before first frost for best heading in cool weather.
Carrots			08-19		Fall carrots: sow 11–13 weeks before first frost so roots size up before cold slows growth.
Cauliflower				09-16	Transplant fall cauliflower ~8 weeks before first frost for heading in cool temps.
Chinese Cabbage (Napa)			09-02		Napa cabbage performs best as a fall crop; sow ~10 weeks before first frost for firm heads.
Cilantro			09-16		Cilantro loves the cooling autumn air; sow now for a fall taco feast.
Collard Greens			08-19		Best when matured in the cool air of autumn.
Cucumbers			09-16		Late-season cucumbers can have fewer pests; use fast-maturing varieties and protect as nights cool.
Daikon Radish			09-16		Sow daikon ~8 weeks before first frost for crisp fall roots.
Dill			09-16		Fall dill is perfect for late-season pickling.
Endive			09-16		Fall sow endive ~8 weeks before first frost; cooler nights reduce bitterness.
Escarole			09-16		Fall sow escarole ~8 weeks before first frost; quality improves as temps cool.
Fennel			09-02		Sow fennel ~10 weeks before first frost for fall bulbs; cool temps improve quality.
Garlic			10-14		Plant garlic in fall for harvest next summer. Planting after soil cools encourages strong roots without excessive top growth.
Green Beans			09-02		A late summer planting yields a great fall crop before the freeze.
Iceberg Lettuce			09-30		Fall sow iceberg ~6 weeks before first frost; start early enough to size up.
Kale			09-16		Kale actually tastes sweeter after a light frost.
Kohlrabi			09-02		Direct sow kohlrabi ~10 weeks before first frost for fall bulbs.
Lettuce			09-02		Fall lettuce: sow about 9–11 weeks before first frost for best establishment in cooling weather.
Mustard Greens			09-16		Sow mustard ~8 weeks before first frost for fast fall greens.
Onions			09-30		Fall-planted onions can overwinter and bulb up in spring. Cool conditions support strong roots.
Peas			09-02		Plant fall peas 10 weeks before frost; germinate best as temps moderate—keep soil consistently moist.
Pole Beans			09-02		Sow pole beans ~10 weeks before first frost; protect as nights cool.
Potatoes			08-19		Fall potatoes must be planted early enough to grow tubers before frost.
Radishes			10-14		Radishes are the ultimate fast crop for the end of the season.
Romaine Lettuce			09-30		Fall sow romaine ~6 weeks before first frost for crisp cool-weather growth.
Romanesco				09-16	Transplant fall romanesco ~8 weeks before first frost for heading in cool weather.
Rutabaga			08-19		For fall rutabaga, sow ~12 weeks before first frost for full-size roots.
Spinach			09-16		Fall spinach: sow about 8–11 weeks before first frost so plants establish before short days slow growth.
Swiss Chard			09-02		Sow in late summer for greens that last deep into the winter.
Tatsoi			09-16		Fall sow tatsoi ~8 weeks before first frost; tolerates cool nights well.
Turnip Greens			09-16		Sow turnip greens ~8 weeks before first frost for tender fall harvest.
Turnips			09-16		Sow turnips ~8 weeks before first frost for sweet fall roots.
Zucchini			09-02		Plant a second round of Zucchini in late summer for a heavy fall harvest.

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Thunderbird Bay, TX

Thunderbird Bay, TX Gardeners

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